Indonesian chunks

Calgary Guide Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia)
it's a standardized variety of Malay
Indo Dictionary
Duome Indonesian Language Learning
Mike Hoolboom, Kristin Kreuk
Affected by Dutch as well
A fusion language.
Malay dictionary
Jawi script in some cultural or religious context
- A, c, N, p, k', SDTZ, v, n', e

Pronounciation

English	Indonesian
What	apa (different from yes/no questions)
Who	siapa
Why	mengapa, kenapa
How	bagaimana
When	kapan
Where	di mana

Charm

kami makan ikan (we exclude the target)
kita makan ikan (we include the target)
itu (that), ini (this) > like it
padi (rice growing in the fields)
- beras (rice harvested, ready for sale, raw)
- nasi (rice cooked, edible)
ini rumah saya (this is my house).
informal "aku, kamu, dia"
- ini rumahku (this is my house)
- ini rumahmu (this is your house)
- init rumahnya (this is his/her house)
ini kamar mandi saya (this is my bathroom)
Pronouns & Possessive Pronouns (always behind the noun, even when there are 2)
who, ask for a person, for whose name or who it belongs to.
- siapa mereka (who are they)?
- siapa namamu (what is your name)?
kemeja putih saya di tas (my shirt is in the bag).

dari sini (from here)
- dari sana (from there)
- saya ~~pulang~~ dari kantor (I come home from the office, verb is not usually necessary)
ke sini (to here)
- ke sana (to there)
- saya ~~pergi~~ ke sekolah (I go to school)
di sini (at here)
- di sana (at there)
- saya ~~ada~~ di rumah (I am at home)
saya pulang (I go home).
di mana (where)
- di mana kantor kalian (where is your office)?
- ke mana anjingmu pergi (where is your dog going)?
- mereka berasal dari mana (where do they come from)?

saya lupa (forgot)
saya ingat (remember)
dia membaca buku yang saya suka (he reads a book that I like)
tetapi = tapi (but)
why
- mengapa anda marah (why are you angry, formal)
- kenapa kucing saya pergi (why does my cat leave, less formal)

saya bosan (bored)
saya kecewa (disappointed)
saya takut (scared)
rumah besarku (my big house)
di mana gaun hitam barumu (where is your new black dress).
kemeja saya putih (my shirt is white)
how
- bagaimana kabarmu (how are you)
- bagaimana menggunakan ini (how do we use this)
kausmu warna-warni (your T-shirt is colorful).
saya suka kopi dingin (I like cold coffee).
function as a predicate
- kamu cantik (you are beautiful)
- saya pendek dan kamu tinggi (I am short and you are tall)
- kamu muda dan saya tua (You are young and I am old)
- ini mudah/gampang, ini tidak sulit/susah (this is easy, this is not difficult)

Empat belas/puluh/ratus/ribu (14, 40, 400, 4K)
- Empat puluh ribu (40K), empat ratus ribu (400K), empat juta (4M)
- except satu (1), 12, 19
- sebelas/sepuluh/seratus/seribu (11, 10, 100, 1K)
selusin sama dengan dua belas (one dozen equals 20).
saya punya sedikit gula (I have a little bit of sugar)
what
- apa makanan ini (what is this food)？
- buah apa ini (what kind of fruit is this)?
plurals
- buku-buku (books)
- kura-kura (turtle, no plural, already repeating)
- kupu-kupu (butterfly, no plural)
plurals not repeated when obvious from the contexts
- dua sendok (two spoons)
- banyak sendok (many spoons)
- saya punya banyak buku (I have many books)
- saya punya banyak kucing kecil (I have many small cats).
plurals not repeating when talking about general
- anjng makan tulang (dogs eat bones)
- kucing suka susu (cats like milk)
saya punya kemeja putih (I have a white shirt)
selamat pagi (good morning, selamat originates from peace)
selamat siang (good afternoon, 10am to 3 pm)
selamat sore (good afternoon, 3pm to dusk)
selamat malam (good evening, sun invisible)
selamat tidur (good night)
selamat tinggal (good leaving, goodbye)
selamat detang (good coming, welcome)
selamat ulang tahun (happy birthday)
selamat tahun baru (happy new year)
selamat natal (merry christmas)
terima kasih banyak (thank you a lot)
- makasih (thanks)
sama-sama (you are welcome)
- terima kasih kembali

a base word can belong to one or more word classes: noun, verb, adjectives; indonesian verbs are not conjugated
- regardless of tense or count
- saya datang kemarin (I came yesterday)
saya mau apel (I want an apple, I want apples)
kamu mau jeruk (you want an orange).
to be is usually omitted
- nama saya Aaron.
- ~~adalah / ada~~
ber-verbs, attached to a noun, a verb, or adj, with several meanings
- to have + noun: beranak (to have a child), bername (to have a name)
- to wear (clothing) or use (vehicle) + noun: bersepatu (to wear shoes), bersepeda (to use bicycle)
- to produce + noun: bertelur (to produce eggs), berbunyi (to make a sound)
- to work + noun: bertani (to farm), berdagang (to trade)
- to do + verb: berjalan (to walk), bermain (to play)
- the prefix ber can be be- when the first letter is r- or the syllable ends with -er of the root word: ber+rambut > berambut (to have hair), ber+kerja > bekerja (to work)
- the prefix ber can be bel- when attached to the word ajar - belajar (to study)
me-verbs (usually transitive verbs)
- me- (l, m, n, r, w, y, ng, ny) meminum
- mem- (b, f, v) membuat; mem- (p > m) memesan
- men- (d, j, c) mencari; men- (t > n) menebang
yes/no question
- to raise the tone with a question mark: mereka sudah pergi (they have left)?
- use apa, apakah: apa kamu mengerti (do you understand)? apakah anda tinggal di sini (do you live here)
- attach -kah to another word in the beginning of the word: salahkah aku (am I wrng)